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Lactarius blennius
''Lactarius blennius'' (commonly known as the Slimy Milkcap or Beech Milkcap) is a medium-sized mushroom of the genus ''Lactarius'' found commonly in beech forests in Europe, where it is mycorrhizal, favouring the European Beech (though associations with other trees are known). It was first described by Elias Magnus Fries. Though its colour and size vary, it is distinctive because it is slimy when wet and exudes copious amounts of milk. It has been the subject of some chemical research, and it can be used to produce pigments and blennins. Blennins, some of which have shown potential medical application, are derived from lactarane, a chemical so named because of their association with ''Lactarius''. The edibility of ''L. blennius'' is uncertain, with different mycologists suggesting that it is edible (though not recommended), inedible or even poisonous.
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Lactarius blennius'' was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries as ''Agaricus blennius'' in 1815, before being given its current binomial name by the same author in 1838.〔 Within the genus ''Lactarius'', it is closely related to ''Lactarius cinereus'', another ''Lactarius'' species that also favours beech.〔 It has been suggested that the two species (forming a group) could have a coevolutionary pathway with beech.〔 The specific epithet is derived from a Latin adjective ''blennius'', meaning "slimy". ''Lactarius'' mushrooms are commonly known as milkcaps, and ''L. blennius'' is known as the Slimy Milkcap〔 or the Beech Milkcap.〔
''Lactarius blennius'' is synonymous with ''Agaricus blennius'' (the name under which Fries first described the species in 1815) and ''Agaricus viridis'', a name given earlier by Heinrich Schrader, in 1794. ''Galorrheus blennius'' (a name proposed in 1871 by Paul Kummer), ''Lactarius viridis'' (proposed in 1888 by Lucien Quélet) and ''Lactifluus blennius'' (proposed by Otto Kuntze in 1891) are also now recognised as synonyms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Lactarius blennius'' synonymy )〕 ''Lactarius albidopallens'' was originally described as a form of ''L. blennius'' as ''Lactarius blennius'' f. ''albidopallens'' by Jakob Emanuel Lange in 1928, before being classified as a separate species by J. Blum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Lactarius blennius f. albidopallens'' )〕 Lange also described ''Lactarius blennius'' f. ''virescens'', which is now recognised as nomen invalidum (an invalid name).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Lactarius blennius f. virescens'' )〕 ''Lactarius fluens'' is another species that has been included in ''L. blennius''; originally described in 1899 by Jean Louis Émile Boudier, in 1999, German Joseph Krieglsteiner suggested that it is actually a variety of ''L. blennius'', naming it ''Lactarius blennius var. fluens''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Lactarius blennius var. fluens'' )〕 The situation with ''Lactarius viridis'' is similar; first described as a separate species by Quélet in 1888, A. Marchand proposed that it is in fact a variety of ''L. blennius'', naming it ''Lactarius blennius var. viridis''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Lactarius blennius var. viridis'' )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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